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  • 3 - The measurement of spasticity

    • By Garth R. Johnson, Professor of Rehabilitation Engineering Centre for Rehabilitation and Engineering Studies (CREST) School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, Anand D. Pandyan, School of Health & Rehabilitation/Institute for Life Course Studies, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
  • Edited by Michael P. Barnes, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Garth R. Johnson, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
  • Book:
    Upper Motor Neurone Syndrome and Spasticity
    Published online:
    22 August 2009
    Print publication:
    24 April 2008, pp 64-78

  • Summary

    Even today the measurement of spasticity at the level of impairment is probably in its infancy. Due to the lack of treatment or therapy to reduce spasticity, there has been limited development of methods for its measurement. There are four distinct levels of measurement that can be identified hierarchically as follows: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio levels. Following the original research of Tardieu and colleagues in the early 1950s, a new scale for classifying spasticity based was developed. This scale has since been translated to English and undergone substantial modifications. The Tardieu method of assessment provides a composite measure of spasticity. The quality of the muscle reaction is a categorical level of measurement and therefore can primarily used for classification purposes only. There are two elements to be considered when exploring the reliability of the Tardieu scale.