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2 results

  • Historical Disaster Exposure and Household Preparedness Across the United States

  • Natasha P. Malmin
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / February 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 January 2020, pp. 58-64
  • Objectives:

    The study determined whether households in disaster-exposed communities were more likely to be prepared.

    Methods:

    Three measures of preparedness were created using the 2013 American Housing Survey: cumulative, adequate, and minimal preparedness. Cumulative and adequate preparedness were created based on the existing literature. Minimal preparedness measured whether households had at present food, water, access to a vehicle, and funds with which to evacuate. Disaster exposure was measured using historical FEMA disaster declarations. The various preparedness measures were regressed onto historical disaster exposure, controlling for sociodemographic factors.

    Results:

    Across all measures of preparedness, historical disaster exposure was a statistically significant predictor of preparedness. Vulnerable households included those where children or the disabled were present. African-American headed households emerged as vulnerable only when minimal preparedness was assessed.

    Conclusions:

    Prior disaster exposure increased household preparedness regardless of how preparedness was defined. However, assessing minimal preparedness may better reflect the changing disaster landscape where more and more households are asked to evacuate or shelter-in-place by policy-makers.

  • 24 - Advances in Our Understanding of Earthquake Trauma and Its Treatment:

  • from Part Six - Case Studies
  • Edited by Yuval Neria, Columbia University, New York, Sandro Galea, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Fran H. Norris
  • Book:
    Mental Health and Disasters
    Published online:
    07 May 2010
    Print publication:
    20 July 2009, pp 396-418

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the study samples to highlight potential vulnerability factors that could interact with gender to produce more severe postdisaster mental health outcomes among women. The most informative comparisons of men's and women's experiences of disaster can be drawn from studies of representative samples, which identify participants using methodologies such as random-digit-dial telephone surveys. Disaster exposure, subjective distress, and vulnerability factors increase the risk for depression. Despite few gender differences in reports of objective exposure, exposure had a more pronounced effect on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms for women than for men. Female gender has also been associated with PTSD risk among survivors of the Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake. The majority of studies in developing nations find women to have higher rates of postdisaster psychopathology or identify female gender as a significant risk factor. The severity of PTSD symptoms was significantly greater among women than men.