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2 results

  • Session 6 - Interoceptive Exposure II: Hyperventilation

  • Devon E. Hinton, Baland Jalal, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Transdiagnostic Multiplex CBT for Muslim Cultural Groups
    Published online:
    04 September 2020
    Print publication:
    17 September 2020, pp 77-89

  • Summary

    Insession 6, diaphragmatic breathing is taught to illustrate that normal breathing relieves anxiety, and hyperventilation is used to show that abnormal breathing can induce symptoms but that those symptoms are not dangerous. The patient is educated about breathing and educated about distress associations to and catastrophic cognitions about symptoms caused by hyperventilation and chest breathing, such as chest tightness, dizziness, cold extremities. The patient is made to hyperventilate to educate about breathing-induced symptoms, to create positive reassociations to dizziness and other sensations, to address distress associations to the symptoms, to reduce fear of the hyperventilation-induced symptoms, and to act as interoceptive exposure that creates new non-threating associations to the symptoms that decreases fear and other negative associations.