Although coping modes were needed as survival mechanisms earlier in the client’s life, in the present they block the capacity to emotionally connect with others and to achieve fulfilment of their needs. In schema therapy, experiential techniques are emphasised because information processing is enhanced in the presence of affect. All the methods and techniques described herein rely on the schema therapist empathically bypassing any coping modes that block the client from experiencing their Vulnerable Child mode. A range of techniques are described, including labelling, interviewing coping modes, chairwork to bypass coping modes, implicit assumption technique, and empathic confrontation. Variations in chairwork include Contamination of the Chair to access Vulnerable Child, and Therapist Plays the Vulnerable Child. Schema therapy relies on the client inhabiting Vulnerable Child mode to receive limited reparenting and corrective emotional experiences and messages that counteract outdated schema-driven messages. As this process unfolds, there is potential for the client to open up to new and unexpected ways of developing a revitalised capacity to connect with others in their own lives.

Limited reparenting is a cornerstone of schema therapy. It is a style of interacting with clients in which the therapist aims to give the client experiences of having their emotional needs met directly within the therapeutic relationship. The therapist here serves as a ‘healthy model’ or template of caring, self-control, and guidance that, over time, is internalised by the client into their own ‘Healthy Adult’ mode. The core ingredients of limited reparenting include offering care, guidance, empathic confrontation, and limit setting. The aim of this therapeutic relationship is to provide corrective experiences that ‘kick start’ the emotional development of the client. Based on a thorough assessment and conceptualisation, limited reparenting offers a specific roadmap to harnessing the power of the therapeutic alliance to promote schema change.