The development of blue and green hydrogen has been identified as national priorities in a number of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, most notably Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Qatar. For example, Qatar announced plans for a US$1 billion plant to make blue ammonia, while Saudi Arabia already commenced work on the NEOM Green Ammonia project, a $US5 billion green hydrogen plant and one of the world’s largest hydrogen projects. With increasing investment and capital outlay on hydrogen projects, the MENA region is projected to become one of the world’s largest exporters of green hydrogen by the year 2050 with an approximate export value of US$200 billion. Despite the rise in hydrogen investments, corresponding law, governance, and institutional frameworks to support hydrogen production are yet to be formulated and communicated, and key vectors for implementation remain, at best, loosely articulated, including mission-critical public–private partnerships (P3), which have been so successful in similar contexts. There is a rather limited legal and/or policy framework that specifically relates to hydrogen across the MENA region. The injection of significant amounts of hydrogen into the national energy networks and grids comes with a wide range of questions across the entire hydrogen production and supply chain. A comprehensive legal framework is required to clarify licensing and permitting processes for hydrogen production, storage, commercialization, and export; while health, safety and design standards for hydrogen infrastructure will need to be elaborated upon to limit environmental, social and governance risks. The chapter explores the guiding principles of an optimal hydrogen regulation framework for MENA countries. It analyses current regulatory uncertainties and gaps in the design and implementation of hydrogen projects across the MENA region and draws upon experiences from other regions with legal pathways for addressing those challenges.