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The Holy Land attracted many from the West who rejected or drifted away from standard forms of religious life. Many lived as solitary hermits or anchorites for a period of time, or formed unofficial communities with like-minded religious. These forms of religious life away from the mainstream paralleled similar trends in the twelfth-century West, but also drew inspiration from long-standing traditions of solitary monasticism in the Holy Land and Syria. In this chapter the evidence for some of these communities and the individuals who led them is examined, and the relationship between ‘unofficial’ reforming communities and fully-endowed monasteries is considered.
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