Nine new species of Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae) are described. Ruprechtia nicaraguensis Pendry and R. costaricensis Pendry are from Central America; R. carina Pendry and R. apurensis Pendry are from Venezuela; R. paranensis Pendry is from South Brazil; and R. peruviana Pendry, R. obovata Pendry, R. albida Pendry and R. aperta Pendry are from Peru.