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2 results

  • 32 - Anhedonia in Addictive Behaviors

  • from Part V - Ongoing and Future Research Directions
  • Edited by Steve Sussman, University of Southern California
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
    Published online:
    13 July 2020
    Print publication:
    06 August 2020, pp 386-408

  • Summary

    Anhedonia – a diminished interest in, or ability to experience pleasure from, common rewarding stimuli – is implicated in addictive behaviors. Integrative reviews of extant research on the role of anhedonia in understanding addictive behaviors are dated and overlook nonsubstance addictions. This chapter reviews the anhedonia construct, describes theoretical models of mechanisms linking anhedonia to addiction, summarizes and synthesizes the empirical evidence on anhedonia in addictive behaviors in humans, and proposes future research directions. From the literature review and integration, it is concluded that: (1) anhedonia may be a risk factor and consequence of addictive behaviors, (2) anhedonia may increase motivation to engage in addictive behaviors to offset deficient pleasure, and (3) anhedonia is generally correlated with onset, escalation, persistence, and relapse to a variety of addictive behaviors in prior research. Addictive agents, intervention applications, and other topics overlooked in the study of anhedonia in addictive behaviors warrant further inquiry to advance addiction science and practice.

  • A web-based study of bipolarity and impulsivity in athletes engaging in extreme and high-risk sports

  • Dominika Dudek, Marcin Siwek, Rafał Jaeschke, Katarzyna Drozdowicz, Krzysztof Styczeń, Aleksandra Arciszewska, Adrian A. Chrobak, Janusz K. Rybakowski
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 28 / Issue 3 / June 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 July 2015, pp. 179-183
  • Background

    We hypothesised that men and women who engage in extreme or high-risk sports would score higher on standardised measures of bipolarity and impulsivity compared to age and gender matched controls.

    Methods

    Four-hundred and eighty extreme or high-risk athletes (255 males and 225 females) and 235 age-matched control persons (107 males and 128 females) were enrolled into the web-based case-control study. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were administered to screen for bipolarity and impulsive behaviours, respectively.

    Results

    Results indicated that extreme or high-risk athletes had significantly higher scores of bipolarity and impulsivity, and lower scores on cognitive complexity of the BIS-11, compared to controls. Further, there were positive correlations between the MDQ and BIS-11 scores.

    Conclusion

    These results showed greater rates of bipolarity and impulsivity, in the extreme or high-risk athletes, suggesting these measures are sensitive to high-risk behaviours.