Introduction. Wines produced in cool climate regions may be competitive with wines obtained in traditional wine-producing countries. The aim of this paper was to conduct a quality analysis of the chemical composition of selected varieties of cool-climate grapes and to assess the enological parameters of wines obtained from them. Materials and methods. The chemical composition of 11 varieties of grapes as well as the basic enological parameters, profile of volatile components, and antioxidant and sensory properties of wines obtained from selected varieties were assessed. Results and discussion. The extract content of the assessed varieties of grapes varied within the range of 128.5–218.5 g×kg–1. The fruit was characterised by similar acidity but significantly heterogeneous antioxidant activity. The basic quality parameters of wines were in accordance with the EU regulations. Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in red wines were approximately 5–7 times higher than those in white wines. In the sensory assessment the wines obtained high grades. Conclusion. Wines from the cool climate regions fulfil the EU normative requirements and are characterised by original sensory features. They may compete with products from traditional wine-producing countries.

Introduction. In São Paulo State in Brazil, there is a demand for pear tree varieties that present fruit complementary characteristics and high adaptation for a subtropical-tropical climate. Thus, our study aimed at evaluating variety selections with better fruit quality and mainly adapted to the different areas of the São Paulo State. Materials and methods. Crosses among Asian [Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai] and European (P. communis L.) pear cultivars were made in Brazil from 1992 to 1998 aiming at finding new pear types for subtropical areas of the country. The first interspecific hybrids of the IAC pear breeding program were planted in various regions of São Paulo State, at latitudes from 21° 11’ S to 24° 11’ S and (11 to 200) chilling units (CU). About 20 phenological characteristics were evaluated. The hybrids and their parents were genetically characterized through RAPD markers. Results and discussion. In the progeny of ‘Okusankichi’ × ‘D'água’, the mean age for the first bearing and fruit development period (FDP) were 3.8 years and 137 days, respectively. The fruit characters early ripening, rounded shape, russet-brown skin and crisp flesh were dominant in all crosses of Asian × Asian and Asian × European pear trees. Twenty-six hybrids were selected, of which twelve are still being tested in a subtropical-tropical climate (0–80 CU). Their main characteristics are fruit with rounded, oblate, oblong or pyriform shapes, russet-brown or green skin, and crisp or soft flesh, and plants with medium-high vigor, an upright-spreading form and a fruit development period of from (110 to 160) days. Conclusion. The precocity of hybrids is highly dependent on the parental characteristics and the environmental conditions. A fruit development period close to that of the earliest parent was obtained. In F1 generations from crossings among Asian and European pears, certain characteristics were dominant. The RAPD analysis was efficient at identifying cultivar genotypes, selections and hybrids of pear from different botanical groups.

Introduction. ‘Orange Red’ is an apricot cultivar released in the United States and characterised by large fruit of very good quality for both the fresh market and processing. For this reason, this cultivar is greatly appreciated in Europe, especially in France. However, its production is erratic under Mediterranean climate conditions. Materials and methods. The influence of two rootstocks (‘Manicot’ apricot and ‘GF31’ Myrobolan plum) on the productive behaviour of ‘Orange Red’ was studied under Mediterranean conditions in Murcia (Southeast Spain). Results and discussion. ‘Orange Red’ grafted onto ‘GF31’ Myrobolan flowered slightly later than those grafted onto ‘Manicot’ apricot. However, differences in the date of ripening of fruits were small. On the other hand, the percentage of flower bud retention and levels of floral fertility were higher when ‘Orange Red’ was grafted onto ‘GF31’ than onto ‘Manicot’, resulting in higher yields and fruits with a smaller weight. The increase in flower bud retention of ‘Orange Red’ grafted onto the rootstock ‘GF31’ was the main factor responsible for the increase in yield observed with this rootstock. Conclusion. Interaction between the cultivar and rootstock is presented as an interesting strategy for cultivar adaptation to different climatic areas.