Neomachilellus scandens (Machiloidea; Wygodzinsky, 1978) is a litter inhabitant of inundation forests in the Rio Negro valley, which are annually flooded for 5–6 months. At the beginning of the non-inundation period, juveniles hatch from previously submerged eggs on the forest floor and reach maturity after 3–4 months. Adults propagate in the litter where females deposit their eggs which are subjected to the next flooding. Both sexes subsequently migrate into the trunk/canopy area and perish. In nearby primary and secondary dryland forests N. scandens has no defined reproduction period and juvenile stages are found throughout the year.
