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3 results

  • Chapter 29 - Sleep panic arousals

  • from Section 5 - Sleep-related movement disorders and other variants
  • Edited by Michael J. Thorpy, Giuseppe Plazzi, Università di Bologna
  • Book:
    The Parasomnias and Other Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
    Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    10 June 2010, pp 278-288

  • Summary

    Sleep enuresis (SE) is characterized by recurrent involuntary voiding of urine during sleep that occurs at least twice a week, for at least 3 consecutive months, in a child of 5 years age. The assessment of SE is based on history (familial predisposition and emotional standpoint), sleep habits, and also on physical examination. There is a strong genetic influence in SE; when both parents suffer from SE, almost 75% of their children are expected to be also enuretic, while the prevalence of SE in the offspring of two parents who were not enuretic during childhood is only 15%. Several polysomnographic studies reported that children with SE have normal sleep architecture, in terms of proportion and distribution of sleep stages during night. The management of primary enuresis starts from the education of the patient and family including: supportive approach, evening fluid restriction, and sleep hygiene rules.

  • 12 - Language lateralization in patients with formal thought disorder

  • from Section 2 - Language lateralization and psychosis
  • Edited by Iris E. C. Sommer, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands, René S. Kahn, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    Language Lateralization and Psychosis
    Published online:
    10 December 2009
    Print publication:
    16 April 2009, pp 169-180

  • Summary

    Modern theories of genetic influence on lateralization suggest that random or fluctuating asymmetry has an important role. Theories of directional asymmetry or chance can be distinguished from the right shift (RS) theory that accidental asymmetries are universal for bilaterally symmetrical organisms. The right shift (RS) theory developed through a series of stages of empirical research and theoretical analysis. Briefly, the theory suggests that degrees of hand preference map onto a non-genetic normal distribution of asymmetry for hand skill, a continuum of right minus left (R - L) skill. The RS model explains relations between handedness and cerebral speech laterality. The key argument, for most skeptics of genetic influence on handedness, is the discordance of monozygotic (MZ) pairs. An early attempt to study the inheritance of brain asymmetries used a dichotic listening test in 49 families.

  • Heart period variability of trained and untrained men at rest and during mental challenge

  • STEPHEN H. BOUTCHER, F. W. NUGENT, PETER F. McLAREN, ARTHUR L. WELTMAN
  • Journal:
    Psychophysiology / Volume 35 / Issue 1 / January 1998
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 July 2016, pp. 16-22
    Print publication:
    January 1998

  • The effect of aerobic training on parasympathetic reactivity to mental stress is unclear. Thus, the parasympathetic response, as assessed by time series analysis of heart period variability (HPVts), of 10 trained male runners (trained group), 10 inherently low resting heart rate untrained men (low HR group), and 10 normal resting HR men (control group) at rest and to two mental stressors was examined. Participants completed a mental arithmetic and Stroop task. Resting HPVts at high and medium frequencies was significantly greater for the trained and the low HR groups than for the control group. Significantly greater decreases in HPVts at the medium frequency during arithmetic recovery were measured for the trained and low HR groups compared with the response of the control group. Significantly greater decreases in HPVts at both the the high and medium frequencies during the first two epochs of the Stroop occurred only for the trained and low HR groups. These results suggest that the greater HPVts at rest and decline in HPVts during and after mental challenge is influenced by both aerobic training and genetic inheritance.