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3 results

  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms and immune activation in patients with genital herpes

  • Uté Vollmer-Conna, Marcus Chen, Andrew Lloyd, Basil Donovan
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 20 / Issue 3 / June 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 June 2014, pp. 145-151
  • Objective:

    Neuropsychiatric disturbances are common among patients with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. To date, no studies have examined the possible role of immune activation in the aetiology of these disturbances. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between markers of immune activation and measures of emotional and somatic dysfunction among patients with symptomatic genital herpes.

    Methods:

    Twenty-two patients with documented genital herpes were assessed when herpetic lesions were present and when they were not. Each assessment included a clinical examination, self-reported symptom measures as well as a blood and urine collection. Markers of immune activation [neopterin and interleukin (IL)-6] in serum and urine were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay. These measures were also obtained from a group of healthy control subjects.

    Results:

    Urine, but not serum, levels of neopterin and IL-6 correlated significantly with measures of reported psychological distress and fatigue. These associations were not confined to periods of overt clinical lesions.

    Conclusions:

    HSV-related neuropsychiatric morbidity correlates selectively with regional, but not systemic, measures of immune activation. We hypothesise that communication between the local inflammatory site in the pelvis and the brain occurs through autonomic afferent pathways.

  • Chapter 20 - Breast cancer screening

  • from Section 4 - Breast disorders
  • Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
  • Book:
    Handbook of Women's Health
    Published online:
    26 December 2009
    Print publication:
    22 October 2009, pp 215-220

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of certain sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including gonococcal (GC) infections, chlamydia infections, syphilis, genital herpes, pelvic inflammatory disease, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B. Gonorrhea is frequently asymptomatic in both men and women. Patients with gonococcal infections need to be evaluated for other sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia, HIV, hepatitis B and/or syphilis when appropriate. Neurosyphilis can occur, with symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) changes such as tabes dorsalis or dementia. All patients with syphilis should be tested for hepatitis B and HIV infections. Sex partners of women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) should be treated, especially to cover chlamydia and gonorrhea. Testing for HIV should be offered to all women, not just those whose behaviors may put them at risk of transmission, but to all women with an STD, including HPV.

  • 11 - Infection

    • By Paul Dias, Specialist Registrar in Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals, NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
  • Alexander Heazell, University of Manchester, John Clift
  • Book:
    Obstetrics for Anaesthetists
    Published online:
    21 August 2009
    Print publication:
    06 March 2008, pp 130-135

  • Summary

    Infection occurring in pregnancy can result in significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. This chapter talks about prophylaxis, screening, chorioamnionitis, Group B streptococcal infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and genital herpes. It explains the implications of these infections on pregnancy and their postpartum management. Depending on the type of infection, there is an increased incidence of preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine and infant death and mother-to-child transmission of infection. Women undergoing repair of a third or fourth degree tear require intra-operative and post-operative antibiotic therapy to prevent infection which increases wound breakdown and the incidence of fistula formation. Group B streptococcal infection is the most frequent cause of severe sepsis in the first week of life. Treatment of women with high viral load of HIV usually consists of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to stabilize symptoms and reduce viraemia.