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3 results

  • Chapter 34 - Strict criteria for sperm morphology

  • Edited by Larry I. Lipshultz, Stuart S. Howards, University of Virginia, Craig S. Niederberger, University of Illinois, Chicago
  • Book:
    Infertility in the Male
    Published online:
    19 May 2010
    Print publication:
    24 September 2009, pp 574-581

  • Summary

    Vasectomy is typically performed as an outpatient procedure using local anesthetics. The technique employed for occlusion of the vasal lumina may influence the incidence of recanalization. Suture ligature, still the common method employed worldwide, may result in necrosis and sloughing of the cut end distal to the ligature. Hematoma is the common complication of vasectomy, with an average incidence of 2%. Sperm granulomas form when sperm leak from the testicular end of the vas. Sperm are highly antigenic, and an intense inflammatory reaction occurs when sperm escape outside the reproductive epithelium. The concept of male hormonal manipulation for contraception predated the era of female hormonal contraception by 20 years. Progestins have been used in multiple small studies for suppression of spermatogenesis and testosterone production in men. Along with hormonal manipulation, immunocontraception appears to offer reasonable hope for a nonsurgical contraceptive option in men.

  • sperm-based contraceptive vaccines: current status, merits and development

  • anil suri
  • Journal:
    Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine / Volume 7 / Issue 18 / 12 September 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 September 2005, pp. 1-16

  • at the present growth rate, the world population is estimated to reach a phenomenal 8.9 billion people by the year 2050, posing a great risk of overpopulation. therefore, new strategies of contraception are required. a novel contraceptive strategy that is receiving considerable attention is that of immunocontraception. spermatozoa have proteins that are unique, cell specific, immunogenic and accessible to antibodies. the targeting of antibodies to gamete-specific antigens implicated in sperm function, sperm–egg binding and fertilisation could block sperm binding and thus fertilisation. the present review highlights the current status, relative merits and future directions for various sperm-based candidate antigens with regard to the development of a contraceptive vaccine.

  • cDNA nucleotide sequence encoding the ZPC protein of Australian hydromyine rodents: a novel sequence of the putative sperm-combining site within the family Muridae

  • Christine A. Swann, Rory M. Hope, William G. Breed
  • Journal:
    Zygote / Volume 10 / Issue 4 / November 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 October 2002, pp. 291-299

  • This comparative study of the cDNA sequence of the zona pellucida C (ZPC) glycoprotein in murid rodents focuses on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the putative sperm-combining site. We ask the question: Has divergence evolved in the nucleotide sequence of ZPC in the murid rodents of Australia? Using RT-PCR and (RACE) PCR, the complete cDNA coding region of ZPC in the Australian hydromyine rodents Notomys alexis and Pseudomys australis, and a partial cDNA sequence from a third hydromyine rodent, Hydromys chrysogaster, has been determined. Comparison between the cDNA sequences of the hydromyine rodents reveals that the level of amino acid sequence identity between N. alexis and P. australis is 96%, whereas that between the two species of hydromyine rodents and M. musculus and R. norvegicus is 88% and 87% respectively. Despite being reproductively isolated from each other, the three species of hydromyine rodents have a 100% level of amino acid sequence identity at the putative sperm-combining site. This finding does not support the view that this site is under positive selective pressure. The sequence data obtained in this study may have important conservation implications for the dissemination of immunocontraception directed against M. musculus using ZPC antibodies.