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2 results

  • 13 - Western Education

  • from Part III - Colonial Societies
  • Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
  • Book:
    Understanding Colonial Nigeria
    Published online:
    21 November 2024
    Print publication:
    28 November 2024, pp 276-302

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses Western education in the landscape of colonial and even postcolonial Nigeria. Building upon ideas established in previous chapters, this chapter focuses on the uneven and complex adaptation of Western education and the emergence of a new middle class of low-level government and mercantile administrators. It will also touch upon traditional forms of education, explaining how colonial officials stunted or even undermined them. Of particular importance, this chapter explores the use of education as a tool of the political elite to construct systems of power and guide the development of societies. For colonial Nigeria, Britain sought to construct a system easily exploited for its natural resources, extracted by a vast underclass of cheap labor. This system would be managed by the small middle class of native elites under the authority of white British officials. This chapter will contextualize the aforementioned educational processes to explain the strategies colonial officials used to achieve their central objectives.

  • Chapter 8 - Magic, Marvel, and Miracle in Early Islamic Thought

  • from Part III - Parallel Traditions
  • Edited by David J. Collins, S. J., Georgetown University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Magic and Witchcraft in the West
    Published online:
    05 March 2015
    Print publication:
    02 March 2015, pp 235-267

  • Summary

    This chapter approaches magic in the early church from two angles. In first, it examines the ways in which different groups of people performing rituals were depicted as practitioners of magic. In second, the discussion of Late Antique practices deemed to be magical focuses on the competition for spiritual authority between ritual experts. In the eyes of Graeco-Roman outsiders, Christian practices resembled widespread stereotypes of magic. Origen was a Christian apologist who addressed allegations of magic against Christians by reframing the terms. Celsus had accused Christians of attaining their powers by using the names of demons in their incantations. Christian writers connected magic with demons and designated Graeco-Roman cult practices as magic and asserted that they dealt with evil spirits. The association of magic with paganism and heresy in imperial legislation shows how the imperial government aimed at harnessing magic for various social, political and religious goals.