We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
In 2004, Indonesia’s Industrial Relations Court was established as a special court within the scope of the general courts. It has seen major challenges to its operations from the beginning. These challenges include ongoing internal problems related to the high levels of corruption within the Indonesian judicial system; the problems related to technical competence and legal integrity of career judges, ad hoc judges and registrars; and external problems including the workers’ lack of competence in civil litigation procedures and thus access to the court’s litigation processes. Together these problems have led to declining public confidence in the performance of the Court; a situation which has a greater adverse effect on employees and trade unions than on employers. The Court needs to be reformed, for example, by turning it into an autonomous special court, a recommendation that has been put forward by several ad hoc judges from union circles. Such progressive reforms, however, would require strong political commitment both from the judiciary and government; both of which appear currently to be mired in the past.