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2 results

  • 10 - The Italian Front

  • from Part II - Theatres of War
  • Edited by Jay Winter, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the First World War
    Published online:
    05 December 2013
    Print publication:
    09 January 2014, pp 266-296

  • Summary

    The year 1915 saw the gradual invention of a new kind of war activity which permanently transformed the actual image of the war. During 1915, the war cultures became enduringly crystallised around a body of mobilising themes, words and images which confirmed the meaning initially attributed to the war itself. The question of control of the seas was of central importance during the course of 1915. The blockade imposed on the Central Powers, and the submarine war designed in response to unlock its grip, were thus determining elements in totalisation of the conflict. The consequences of the blockade, in terms of food supply and the economy on the one hand and of military and diplomatic matters on the other, and, finally, of morale, were indeed considerable. They were to be an enduring burden throughout the rest of the war.

  • 20 - Neutrality

  • from Part IV - The search for peace
  • Edited by Jay Winter, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of the First World War
    Published online:
    05 December 2013
    Print publication:
    09 January 2014, pp 542-575

  • Summary

    This chapter talks about the study of workers and labour movements in the First World War. The war demanded total mobilisation in the nations engaged, and in particular in the industries which fed the furnace. The First World War was indeed the first of its kind: no one had imagined anything like it, and there was no previous point of reference to deal with the situations that it created. The nations attempted to remedy the lack of available labour by recruiting foreigners, prisoners of war, adolescents and women. The Hague Convention authorised the employment of prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, provided that the work was not excessive and was unconnected to military operations. The Allied nations retained their legitimacy because they had won the war on the home front and on the battle front.