The distribution of canine leishmaniasis and figures on infection frequency in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea are given. The clinical picture and most common laboratory findings are reviewed. Leishmania infantum is the aetiological agent of both human and canine forms of visceral leishmaniasis. The proved or suspected vectors of L. infantum are listed and mention is made of wild animals (fox, rat) as possible primary reservoirs of the parasite. Finally, the methods of investigation and control of canine leishmaniasis are discussed.
