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1 results

  • 7 - Agitated depression: spontaneous and induced

    • By Athanasios Koukopoulos, Centro Lucio Bini Center for the Treatment and Research of Affective Disorders Rome Italy, Gabriele Sani, Centro Lucio Bini Center for the Treatment and Research of Affective Disorders Rome Italy, Matthew J. Albert, Centro Lucio Bini Center for the Treatment and Research of Affective Disorders Rome Italy, Gian Paolo Minnai, Centro Lucio Bini Center for the Treatment and Research of Affective Disorders Rome Italy, Alexia E. Koukopoulos, Centro Lucio Bini Center for the Treatment and Research of Affective Disorders Rome Italy
  • Edited by Andreas Marneros, Martin Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenburg, Germany, Frederick Goodwin, George Washington University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    Bipolar Disorders
    Published online:
    10 August 2009
    Print publication:
    06 October 2005, pp 157-186

  • Summary

    Depression is understood as a morbid entity and every physician is entitled to offer antidepressant treatment to nearly all patients with despondent mood diagnosed as meeting the DSM-III criteria for a major depressive episode with or without agitation. Normal human behavior, and especially behavior during affective episodes, has created the impression that good mood is allied with good drive and fluent thinking and vice versa. Hypomania with euphoric mood with hyperactivity, and depression with retardation are typical examples of this parallelism. It is ironic that today agitated depression has lost its status as a mixed state, whereas manic stupor and dysphoric mania are still considered as such. Clinical forms of agitated depression include psychotic agitated depression, agitated depression with psychomotor agitation, and minor agitated depression. The anxiety observed in agitated depression seems to be of a different kind, inherent in the agitation itself.