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2 results

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder in train crash survivors in Italy: the role of mood spectrum dysregulations and intrusiveness

  • Mario Miniati, Laura Palagini, Danila Caruso, Mauro Mauri, Donatella Marazziti, Liliana Dell’Osso
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 26 / Issue 1 / February 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 April 2020, pp. 71-76
  • Background

    To explore relationships among post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive spectrum symptoms, and intrusiveness in subjects who survived the crash of a train derailed carrying liquefied petroleum gas and exploded causing a fire.

    Methods

    A sample of 111 subjects was enrolled in Viareggio, Italy. AMOS version 21 (IBM Corp, 2012) was utilized for a structural equation model-path analysis to model the direct and indirect links between the exposure to the traumatic event, the occurrence of depressive symptoms, and intrusiveness. Subjects were administered with the SCID-IV (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV), the Questionnaire for Mood Spectrum (MOODS-SR)-Last Month version, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Questionnaire (TALS-SR), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised version (IES-R).

    Results

    Sixty-six (66/111; 59.4%) subjects met SCID-IV criteria for PTSD. Indices of goodness of fit were as followed: χ2/df = 0.2 P = .6; comparative fit index = 1 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.0001. A significant path coefficient for direct effect of potential traumatic events on depressive symptoms (β = 0.25; P < .04) and from depressive symptoms to intrusiveness (β = 0.34; P < .003) was found. An indirect effect was also observed: standardized value of potential traumatic events on intrusiveness was 0.86. The mediating factor of this indirect effect path was represented by depressive symptoms. Potential traumatic events explained 6.2% of the variance of depressive symptoms; 11.8% of the variance of intrusiveness was accounted for traumatic event and depressive symptoms.

    Conclusions

    Path analysis led us to speculate that depression symptoms might have mediated the relationship between the exposure to potential traumatic events and intrusiveness for the onset of PTSD.

  • 1 - The Cost–Benefit Analysis Theory

  • Ric Simmons
  • Book:
    Smart Surveillance
    Published online:
    02 August 2019
    Print publication:
    22 August 2019, pp 14-35

  • Summary

    Chapter 1 of the book describes the the cost–benefit analysis theory in more detail by examining how to measure the costs of different types of surveillance, particularly their cost to our privacy. Currently the Supreme Court has the task of determining these costs, but it is poorly situated to make these determinations. Under the current regime, the Court usually can only tell us whether the intrusiveness of a certain type of surveillance passes a certain threshold of intrusiveness – that is, whether the surveillance is a “search.” But the cost–benefit theory requires a more precise calculation of the level of intrusiveness; it requires a measurement of the degree to which the surveillance infringes on our privacy. Furthermore, the Supreme Court decides only one or two cases a year on this issue, which is insufficient to keep up with the myriad of new types of surveillance that occur in modern investigations.