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Since the publication of Kane (2006) on argument-based validation and the validation project by Chapelle, Enright, and Jamieson (2008), a trend of employing argument-based approach in language testing validation research has emerged as observed by Chapelle and Voss (2013). To better understand this recent trend, this systematic review study identified and analyzed the argument-based validation studies published from 2000 to 2018. A comprehensive literature search was conducted with multiple search terms (e.g., validity, argument-based validation, inferences, etc.) on a variety of research publication sources, including peer-reviewed academic journals, research reports, and dissertations. After applying pre-established inclusion criteria, 70 studies were retained, including 45 journal articles or research reports and 25 doctoral dissertations. The claims and inferences employed in these studies were analyzed into themes and categorized under Chapelle, Enright, and Jamieson (2008)’s framework. In addition, the research methodology addressing the warrants, rebuttals and backing in each study was documented and reviewed. Based on the results of this analysis, we make suggestions about constructing interpretation and use arguments as well as evaluating the coherence and plausibility of the validity arguments in various testing contexts.
This chapter focuses on a basic model of professional communication and two basic goals of journal article publication. It has five major sections, Intuitive Thoughts, Frank and Neil, Professional Communication, Scientific Research, and Practical Suggestions. It starts with a discussion of intuitive thoughts of graduate students and then a discussion of two real-life cases (Frank and Nell) so that we can see how new authors think and act related to the central question of the chapter. After that, two core concepts, professional communication and scientific research, are discussed in detail, followed by several practical suggestions. In brief, there are two major reasons why we publish journal articles, that is, to develop skills of professional communication and ultimately to advance scientific knowledge and to improve human life.
This chapter is about finding the law. Research skills are expected of Australian law graduates; indeed, you need these skills to practise law competently. As Chapter 1 highlighted, the law is so immense that we cannot possibly know it all and, besides that, it changes all the time! By the time you enter into legal practice, the law you learned at university may have changed or may no longer apply.
The focus of this chapter is on disseminating practitioner research. It emphasises the reasons why dissemination of research is important and discusses why practitioners should write about their research work. In this chapter, we present a number of ideas for dissemination, including informal avenues of dissemination (such as school-level presentations), as well as more formal means, including journal articles (for both research and professional journals) and conference presentations (oral and poster). The focus on academic writing in Chapter 4 will be extended in this chapter to include writing and structural conventions common to more formal dissemination genres (such as articles and conference papers). This chapter will also revisit the ethical considerations introduced in Chapter 3 to consider ethics regarding the dissemination of results.
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