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2 results

  • 4 - Article 10(1) Berne: Requirements

  • Tanya Aplin, King's College London, Lionel Bently, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    Global Mandatory Fair Use
    Published online:
    26 October 2020
    Print publication:
    05 November 2020, pp 69-82

  • Summary

    Importantly, and in contrast with Article 10(2) and Article 10bis(2), the language of Article 10(1) Berne is not limited by purpose. It simply states ‘it shall be permissible to make quotations’. There is no limitation, even illustrative, such as ‘for purposes such as criticism or review’. Given that the provision is mandatory, it would thus be inappropriate for a Member to introduce any limiting purpose (or at least one which operates inflexibly). Quotation is permitted, if it complies with the remaining condition, whatever its purpose.

Global Mandatory Fair Use
  • The Nature and Scope of the Right to Quote Copyright Works
  • Tanya Aplin, Lionel Bently
  • Published online:
    26 October 2020
    Print publication:
    05 November 2020
  • In a path-breaking work, Tanya Aplin and Lionel Bently make the case that the quotation exception in Article 10 of the Berne Convention constitutes a global, mandatory, fair use provision. It is global, they argue, because of the reach of Berne qua Berne and qua TRIPS, and its mandatory nature is apparent from the clear language of Article 10 and its travaux. It relates to 'use' that is not limited by type of work, type of act, or purpose and it is 'fair' use because the work must be made available to the public, with attribution, and the use must be proportionate and consistent with fair practice. By explaining the contours of global, mandatory fair use - and thus displacing the 'three-step test' as the dominant, international copyright norm governing copyright exceptions - this book creates new insights into how national exceptions should be framed and interpreted.