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2 results

  • 16 - The Eighth Generation

  • from Part II - The History of the Constitution
  • Wim Voermans, Universiteit Leiden
  • Book:
    The Story of Constitutions
    Published online:
    19 October 2023
    Print publication:
    02 November 2023, pp 180-192

  • Summary

    A new era of universalism and constitutional systems sets in after the fall of the Berlin Wall. With a worldwide demise of most traditional communist systems, liberal democracies seem to be the last system standing: The End of history, as Francis Fukuyama dubbed it. A lot of nations change in their old constitutional system for a new one: a liberal democracy, set in stone by a constitution that lays down individual fundamental freedom protection, division of government power, popular sovereignty and democracy. The bulk of nations has or adopts a liberal democratic constitution by the end of the twentieth century (at least they do so on paper). Communist and theocratic (Islamic) constitutions still exist but they represent a minority part of the constitutions in existence. The first part of the twenty-first century shows slide backs in the form of illiberal democracies, democratic downfalls and an increase of autocratic systems. None state (or supra state) constitutions spring up.

  • Bioethics, Ukraine, and the Peril of Silence

  • Joseph J. Fins
  • Journal:
    Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics / Volume 32 / Issue 1 / January 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 July 2022, pp. 1-3
    • Article
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  • By considering the history of bioethics and international humanitarian law, Joseph J. Fins contends that bioethics as an academic and moral community should stand in solidarity with Ukraine as it defends freedom and civility.