Eugeniella palleola, Graphis paraschiffneri, and Malmidea cineracea are described from Nicaragua. Eugeniella palleola is characterized by having pale apothecial discs and prominent, white margins, and producing a complex chemistry including atranorin, stictic and norstictic acids, and an unknown substance. Graphis paraschiffneri has lirellae with a lateral thalline margin, striate labia, a completely carbonized excipulum, transversely septate ascospores, and contains norstictic acid in the thallus. Malmidea cineracea is characterized by a granulose-isidiate thallus with a yellowish medulla and a compact, crystal-encrusted excipulum. Malmidea nigromarginata and M. piperina are proposed as new combinations. Keys are presented to all known species of Eugeniella (9) and Malmidea (50).

Recent revisions of the graphidaceous lichens of India have brought to light several new taxa in the family Graphidaceae. In the present study seven species of Acanthothecis are recognized from India. Three new species, viz. Acanthothecis archeri, A. celata, and A. coccinea, are described and A. nivalis, a species described earlier from the Andaman Islands, has now been recorded from the mainland. A revised key to the seven Acanthothecis species so far known from India is also presented.

The following new species of Parmeliaceae are described from Africa: Xanthoparmelia bainskloofensis Elix & T. H. Nash, X. boyeri Elix, X. dubitella Elix, X. kleinswartbergensis Elix, X. lobuliferella Elix, X. malawiensis Elix, X. micromaculata Elix and X. waboomsbergensis Elix. The new combination Xanthoparmelia patula (Brusse) Elix is made and X. hypoleiella Elix, X. neoconspersa (Gyeln.) Hale, X. neocumberlandia T. H. Nash & Elix and X. sipmanii T. H. Nash & Elix are reported from Africa for the first time.