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5 results

  • The employment transitions of mid-life women: health and care effects

  • SIOBHAN AUSTEN, RACHEL ONG
  • Journal:
    Ageing & Society / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / February 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 December 2009, pp. 207-227
    Print publication:
    February 2010

  • This article provides information on the movements into and out of paid work by mid-life women. This is a group whose representation in the paid workforce is growing as population ageing proceeds and as educational qualifications expand. It is also a group that will be critical to any labour supply response to the economic challenges posed by population ageing. However, current understandings of the needs and circumstances of mid-life women in paid work are limited. To help address this knowledge gap we use data from the first five waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey (2001–2005) to identify the causal influences of health, care and other factors on the ability of mid-life women to remain in and re-enter paid work. The results show that poor health and/or substantial care roles have a negative impact on the employment chances of this group. However, importantly, there is asymmetry in these health and care effects, in that improvements in health and/or reductions in care roles do not increase the chances of returning to paid work. This finding indicates that many mid-life women who experience poor health and/or undertake large care roles face substantial long-term negative consequences for their employment chances and, thus, their retirement and pre-retirement incomes.

  • 4 - Psychosocial health promotion of mid-life women

  • from Part I - Health promotion
  • Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Women's Health in Mid-Life
    Published online:
    21 August 2009
    Print publication:
    25 March 2004, pp 45-60

  • Summary

    The promotion of health in women during the mid-life years requires a knowledge base beyond the traditional biomedical one. This chapter focuses on the challenges and stresses confronting women in mid life in the hope of facilitating the identification of risk factors that may impair health. The interaction between self-concept and social roles (paid worker, parent, spouse or partner) is less important than might be expected but is significant for single women and women who are employed full-time. Women know which actions promote wellbeing and disease prevention. Significant changes have resulted in women arriving at mid life better educated, more assertive, and with a realistic expectation of a longer life and a greater sense of the importance of their work and personal level of achievement. Attitudes about care-giving and care-giving roles are embedded deeply in the socialized narratives of the women who provide care.

  • 6 - Alcoholism, nicotine dependence, and drug abuse

  • from Part I - Health promotion
    • By Mary-Anne Enoch, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Women's Health in Mid-Life
    Published online:
    21 August 2009
    Print publication:
    25 March 2004, pp 81-96

  • Summary

    Mid life is a vulnerable time for women, both for the development of the problems of drinking and alcoholism, and for the manifestation of the medical consequences of long-term addiction to alcohol and tobacco. This chapter focuses mainly on alcoholism and smoking, because these are the most prevalent addictive disorders in middle-aged women and are most commonly seen and treated in family practice. Alcohol, cocaine, opiates, and nicotine dependencies co-occur. The development of addiction to alcohol and other drugs is a complex process involving many factors, including genetic, environmental, and gene-environment interactions. The principal harmful effects of heavy drinking include liver pathology, neurological complications, and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, and breast. Alcohol dependence is treated in two stages: withdrawal and detoxification, followed by further interventions to prevent relapse. Screening for alcohol problems needs to become routine in the same way that screening for smoking is now widespread.

  • 15 - Diabetes in mid-life women

  • from Part III - Disease prevention
    • By Phillippa Miranda, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Diana McNeill, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
  • Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Women's Health in Mid-Life
    Published online:
    21 August 2009
    Print publication:
    25 March 2004, pp 253-272

  • Summary

    The incidence and prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. This chapter examines the diagnosis, prevention, and management of diabetes in mid-life women. In mid life, type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Diagnostic criteria and classification schemes for diabetes have been proposed and published by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO). Risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes include obesity, physical inactivity, age, and family history of type 2 diabetes. Good glycemic control, through education, self-blood glucose monitoring, diet, and exercise, as well as medications, is important to minimize the increased health risks associated with diabetes. Since the complications of diabetes, including heart attack, stroke, blindness, end-stage renal disease, and lower-extremity amputation, are more prevalent with advancing age and duration of diabetes, mid-life women with diabetes must advocate for their own healthcare management.

  • 5 - Sexual health

  • from Part I - Health promotion
  • Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University
  • Book:
    Women's Health in Mid-Life
    Published online:
    21 August 2009
    Print publication:
    25 March 2004, pp 61-80

  • Summary

    Sexuality is an important part of one's health, quality of life, and general wellbeing. Risks to sexual health can include unplanned pregnancy, the physiologic changes of transition into and through menopause and with aging, the increased probability of chronic illness and its medical and surgical treatment, abuse in any form, and sexually transmitted infections. This chapter reviews the sexual health of mid-life women, presenting results from available studies. Dihydroepiandrosterones (DHEA) was shown to be the only hormone associated positively with general well being in a study of 141 women aged 40-60. Women in this age group underestimate their risk for sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and this represents one of the more rapidly growing demographics for sexually transmitted infections and HIV. Clinicians are encouraged to raise the topic of sexual health and to assist mid-life women as they make their transitions through menopause, and with aging partners.