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2 results

  • 37 - Monitoring Interventions

  • from Part III - Behavior Change Interventions: Practical Guides to Behavior Change
  • Edited by Martin S. Hagger, Linda D. Cameron, Kyra Hamilton, Griffith University, Nelli Hankonen, University of Helsinki, Taru Lintunen, University of Jyväskylä
  • Book:
    The Handbook of Behavior Change
    Published online:
    04 July 2020
    Print publication:
    23 July 2020, pp 537-553

  • Summary

    Monitoring is a self-regulatory process involved in making changes to behavior. Monitoring involves a person, group, or organization taking stock of the current situation, comparing this to some goal or reference value, and identifying whether or not there is a discrepancy. Noting a discrepancy can be a reason for taking additional action to ensure goals are achieved or for adjusting or disengaging from the goal. Monitoring can also identify actions required to overcome barriers to goal striving and whether these actions have the intended effects. Given that people often do not monitor their progress, termed “the ostrich problem,” interventions that prompt monitoring can be an effective way to promote changes in behavior. This chapter reviews the evidence that monitoring interventions promote changes in behavior, identifies how monitoring has been conceptualized within theoretical models and existing taxonomies of behavior change techniques, and describes some of the mechanisms by which monitoring promotes behavior change. The chapter concludes that monitoring can be an effective strategy for promoting changes in a range of behaviors and contexts but also that developing monitoring interventions can be complex. A practical guide for the development and application of monitoring strategies is also presented, based on the literature and research evidence on monitoring interventions.

  • Development of low-cost image mosaics of hard-bottom sessile communities using SCUBA: comparisons of optical media and of proxy measures of community structure

  • H. van Rein, D.S. Schoeman, C.J. Brown, R. Quinn, J. Breen
  • Journal:
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 92 / Issue 1 / February 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 March 2011, pp. 49-62

  • Underwater image-based sampling procedures, using SCUBA, are compared using imagery collected from a temperate hard-substratum community. The effectiveness of a low-budget, high-resolution image mosaicing technique is assessed by comparing the relative efficiency of data collection, extraction and analysis among sampling procedures. In addition, a manipulative experiment tested whether the sampling procedures could detect the physical removal of 10% of the reef community. Overall, four factors were explored within the data: data collection media (stills and video), cover and community composition estimation techniques (visual cover estimation, frequency of occurrence and point extraction), change detection (pre- and post-impact) and depth (8, 14, 18 and 22 m). Stills imagery sampled the reef community at a higher image resolution than the video imagery, which enabled identification of more species and less-conspicuous benthic categories. Using the visual cover estimation technique, the stills imagery also had the greatest benefit in terms of efficiency and species identification. However, the experimental impact was detected using only the point extraction technique. The recommendations are that: (1) the image mosaicing technique is applied to fixed-station monitoring; (2) the point extraction technique be used for efficient and cost-effective monitoring at coarse taxonomic resolutions; and (3) survey depths remain constant over the duration of hard-substratum community monitoring.