This book explores the idea that there is a gray area in ethics. My central claim is that some acts are somewhat right and somewhat wrong, meaning that deontic concepts such as RIGHT and WRONG (capitalized to indicate that we are discussing the concepts and not the entities they refer to) are gradable. Philosophical theories of indeterminacy and vagueness can shed light on some aspects of the gradualist hypothesis, but they leave important questions open. It is, for instance, not clear what a morally conscientious agent should do if she must choose among options that are somewhat right and somewhat wrong.

Moral indeterminacy is not the same thing as moral vagueness. In this chapter, I reserve the term “indeterminacy” for phenomena that are indeterminate but not vague. The term “vagueness” is reserved for entities that are susceptible to a sorites series. The distinction between moral indeterminacy and vagueness mirrors an analogous distinction between two versions of the gradualist hypothesis. According to the first, some acts are somewhat right and somewhat wrong in the indeterministic sense; according to the second, some acts are somewhat right and somewhat wrong because they display moral vagueness. These hypotheses must be kept apart because they sometimes entail different practical verdicts. The first aim of this chapter is to clarify the notions of moral indeterminacy and vagueness that are central to these two versions of the gradualist hypothesis. The second aim is to discuss reasons for believing that morality is vague, or indeterminate but not vague, or both, and whether we should understand all these views as ontic, semantic, or epistemic theories.

his chapter will discuss some of the ways that recent scholarship on cultural memory has contributed to thinking about the role of exempla in Roman culture, and particularly to the development of the idea of the ‘site of exemplarity’.1 It will also suggest how insights found in this scholarship might sharpen our appreciation of some of the challenges that face modern scholars who are studying cultural memory in antiquity, especially when it comes to the Roman republic from which so little written testimony survives. These themes will be focused through the discussion of the somewhat obscure case of Vibellius Taurea, a bold native of the city of Capua who clashed with the Romans during the Second Punic War.