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  • 2 - Phase Transitions

  • Claudio Zannoni
  • Book:
    Liquid Crystals and their Computer Simulations
    Published online:
    21 July 2022
    Print publication:
    28 July 2022, pp 61-106

  • Summary

    A summary of classical concepts from thermodynamics concerning phase transitions and a survey of phase transitions for a variety of thermotropic and lyotropic systems. The Landau theory for first- and second-order transitions applied to nematics and smectics is discussed in detail. Classic lattice models (Ising, Heisenberg, XY, Lebwohl–Lasher, …) and critical exponents, often associated with certain liquid crystals transitions, are introduced. Examples of experimental phase diagrams for thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals are shown.