In this Chapter, I use American mass incarceration and the War on Drugs to draw conclusions about the increasing use of the criminal justice system to combat the abuse of non-human animals. I conclude that expanding criminal sanctions will result not just in increased incarceration, but in net-widening and deprivation of civil liberties. Furthermore, such negative effects are likely to be unequally distributed, falling most heavily on communities of color.

Chapter 4 explores recent trends in the administration of justice, using extensive court data obtained from Montreal and Vancouver. It also provides the opportunity to explain in some detail the current legal framework governing bail and community sentences in Canada and contrast it with legal practices elsewhere. The data reveal the widespread prevalence of territorial conditions of release at all stages of criminal proceedings, including at bail, where they should by law be exceptional. Such conditions, in turn, generate numerous breaches, which constitute criminal offences against the administration of justice. Echoing the concept of “net widening” (Cohen, 1979; 1985), this chapter suggests that conditions of release have directly contributed to a form of “judicial territory widening”, leading to the enlargement and expansion of the criminal justice system, affecting particularly marginalized populations.