This chapter discusses the effect of neuraxial analgesia on caesarean section rates, instrumental delivery rates and the duration of labour. Neuraxial analgesia effectively relieves labour pain and is often chosen by parturients because of the known efficacy of the technique. Although in most cases, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the strongest study design in the sense that, when properly performed, they result in the least amount of bias, there are a number of barriers to consider when studying labour analgesia. The duration of first and second stage of labour has been compared in RCTs in patients who received neuraxial analgesia and opioid analgesia controls. Conversely, neuraxial analgesia may cause an increase in the incidence of instrumental vaginal delivery. When deciding which type of analgesia to offer a parturient, the benefits and risks must be assessed. Neuraxial analgesia provides the most complete analgesia when compared to any other mode of treatment.