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3 results

  • Chapter 24 - Functional neuroimaging of primary insomnia

  • from Section 5 - Neuroimaging of sleep disorders
  • Edited by Eric Nofzinger, University of Pittsburgh, Pierre Maquet, Université de Liège, Belgium, Michael J. Thorpy
  • Book:
    Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
    Published online:
    05 March 2013
    Print publication:
    07 March 2013, pp 197-208

  • Summary

    This chapter shows that the study of dreams provides meaningful and valuable information about cognitive and affective processes occurring during sleep. It demonstrates that typical features in large dream samples can be identified using statistical methods and that these features are in good correspondence with known patterns of brain activity during sleep, in particular rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These analyses are based on the frequency of occurrence and degree of uniformity of dream contents, irrespective of whether the dreams mimicked real-life experiences or were extremely bizarre. The chapter also shows that bizarre but common aspects in dreams have much in common with known neuropsychological syndromes. Integrated approach to sleep and dreaming undoubtedly contribute to redefining the links between brain processes and the varieties of dream experiences, and lead to a more comprehensive model of human brain function during sleep.

  • 18 - Techniques of molecular genetics

  • from Part 5 - Future directions
  • Edited by Monique Ernst, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Judith M. Rumsey, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Foreword by Joseph T. Coyle
  • Book:
    Functional Neuroimaging in Child Psychiatry
    Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    12 October 2000, pp 315-327

  • Summary

    This chapter describes the techniques that facilitate new understanding of neuroimaging results by adding a molecular genetic approach to examining neuroimaging phenotypes. It provides Mendelian genetics to highlight the point that variation in a single gene can affect many of the phenotypes measured in neuroimaging. The chapter discusses the expansion of trinucleotide repeat DNA sequences and imprinting, to the characteristics the inheritance and course of a disorder. The genetic analysis of pairs of siblings examines the degree of similarity between affected siblings for a quantitative phenotype. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) is based on the fact that a parent donates a single chromosome of each pair and, thus, one allele of any particular genetic marker. The population association method is commonly used but has a serious caveat, which is the association test between two groups of unrelated individuals.