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4 results

  • Chapter 2.5 - Neurocysticercosis

  • from 2 - Infectious and Postinfectious Vasculitis
  • Edited by Derya Uluduz, Istanbul Üniversitesi
  • Anita Arsovska
  • Book:
    Rare Causes of Stroke
    Published online:
    06 October 2022
    Print publication:
    01 September 2022, pp 132-136

  • Summary

    Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the infection of CNS by the larval stage of the Taenia Solium, a tapeworm that infests humans in endemic zones (Latin American countries, sub-Saharan Africa, China, India, southeast Asia) NCC has a wide range of clinical manifestations but the most common are seizure and increase intracranial pressure. Focal neurological deficits are also possible due to oedema around cysts or mass effects of cysticerci. Patients could also experience ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the intracranial arteries or brainstem involvement. Patients with stroke and NCC that live in rural areas could be identified after a long period of time from the acute event and this delay could be responsible for a spontaneous resolution of the lesion detectable through MRI (3).Thus, routine corticosteroid administration is mandatory in patients with subarachnoid cysts, to avoid the risk of cerebral infarction. Here we reported a case of a 34 year-old woman presented to ED with headache that gradually become more severe over the past couple of weeks. Serological test enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) was positive for antibodies to Taenia Solium so diagnosis of NCC was made. She started anti-inflammatory therapy with dexamethasone and later levetiracetam 500 mg twice daily with full recovery

  • Chapter 22 - Mood disorders

  • from Section 1 - Clinical manifestations
  • Edited by Louis R. Caplan, Jan van Gijn
  • Book:
    Stroke Syndromes, 3ed
    Published online:
    05 August 2012
    Print publication:
    12 July 2012, pp 255-266

  • Summary

    Functional neuroimaging has contributed new insights in the field of aphasia research. Techniques like repetitive transcortical magnetic stimulation (rTMS), Wada testing, and cortical stimulation during neurosurgery with grid mapping, all of which inhibit distinct areas of the brain, have determined which nodes of the networks visualized in functional neuroimaging are critical for each function. The neurological examination of a patient with aphasia can be broken down into six major categories: naming, fluency, repetition, comprehension, reading, and writing. The classical aphasia syndromes result from the infarction of defined vascular distributions, each typically associated with a specific set of neurological deficits, also caused by damage to that particular region of the brain. Patients who develop aphasia following acute stroke typically recover well with only mild long-term language deficits. Many of the techniques currently employed by speech-language pathologists focus on treatment of the damaged component of the system.

  • Monitoring the local and distal effects of carotid interventions

  • Edited by Jonathan Gillard, University of Cambridge, Martin Graves, University of Cambridge, Thomas Hatsukami, University of Washington, Chun Yuan, University of Washington
  • Book:
    Carotid Disease
    Published online:
    03 December 2009
    Print publication:
    07 December 2006, pp -

  • Summary

    Transcranial Doppler (TCD) utilizes the Doppler principle to determine the direction and velocity of blood flow. Most TCDs use long sample volumes in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and ease the detection of the basal cerebral arteries. Most TCDs use the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method of spectral analysis which produces the typical visual representation of blood flow velocity. The FFT method of spectral analysis is used in most TCD systems because it allows almost instantaneous detection and display of information in a form which is understandable to most observers. Pulsatility and resistance indices reflect characteristics of the Doppler shift velocity waveforms, and indicate the degree of pulsatility of the waveform. TCD is able to detect two of the major causes of neurological deficits that are abnormalities in blood flow and cerebral embolization. These have made it a valuable practical tool for treating patients in diverse clinical disciplines.

  • 32 - Biomimetic design of neural prostheses

  • from Section B4 - Translational research: application to human neural injury
    • By Gerald E. Loeb, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the A.E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Cesar E. Blanco, Department of Biomedical Engineering and the A.E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 587-601

  • Summary

    This chapter deals with the neural prosthetic devices that integrate directly with the nervous system. The individual computational elements of the nervous system, neurons, are physically small in diameter, allowing them to be packed together into dense nerve tracts and nuclei. In order to achieve biomimetic function, it is desirable to exchange information with neurons on a similar spatial scale. Improving the biomimetic function of a neural prosthesis generally depends on packing yet more electrodes and signal processing functionality into ever-smaller places in the body from which they are not easily retrieved. The seemingly mundane requirements for packaging are likely to remain limiting factors in the clinical performance of neural prostheses. Many neurological deficits involve loss of function in central rather than peripheral pathways, such as inability to store or access information in various forms of dementia.