This chapter concentrates on the issue of insight and memory function. Both awareness of memory dysfunction and awareness of memory function have been studied in relation to focal brain disease and generalized brain disease (dementias). With respect to 'normal' or non-ill subjects, self-reports of memory function have been treated mainly in experimental psychology where, rather than 'insight' or 'awareness', somewhat different frameworks are used. With respect to stage of the dementia, most studies suggest that insight is preserved early in the disease and diminishes with progression of the disease. In line with 'neurological' research, where associations have been described between 'anosognosia' and frontal lobe pathology attempts have been made to examine the role of the frontal lobe in the relationship between loss of insight and dementia. The different conceptualizations of insight influence the way in which the 'clinical' phenomena of insight/awareness and anosognosia are perceived and measured.