Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

5 results

  • 5 - Cross-Variety Comparisons

  • Naomi Nagy, University of Toronto
  • Book:
    Heritage Languages
    Published online:
    09 July 2024
    Print publication:
    27 June 2024, pp 92-158

  • Summary

    This chapter reports on trends of continuity and divergence within the heritage generations examined and between heritage and homeland varieties. It discusses the degrees of similarities between the varieties in terms of (a) rates of use of innovative forms and (b) conditioning factors in the constraint hierarchy. The three variables examined are voice onset time (VOT, n=8,909), case-marking on nouns and pronouns (CASE, n=9,661), and variable presence of subject pronouns (PRODROP, n=9,190), each in three or more languages. The similarity in rates and conditioning effects across generations for (PRODROP), examined in seven languages, particularly contrasts with findings for this variable in experimental paradigms. Similarly, findings of little simplification or overgeneralization of the case system in three languages stands in contrast to the outcomes of several previous studies. (VOT) shows a drift toward (but not arriving at) English-like values for only some of the languages examined. For each variable, models are presented and interpreted; a table then details which aspects of the analysis contribute to the interpretation of stability and of each type of variation.

  • Statistics versus semantics: retreating from the dative overgeneralization errors by Chinese EFL learners

  • Keshu Xiang, Jianhui Wei, Yuanyan Chen
  • Journal:
    Applied Psycholinguistics / Volume 45 / Issue 2 / March 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 April 2024, pp. 368-392
    • Article
      • You have access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation

  • This study investigated the effects of entrenchment, preemption, verb semantics, and morphophonological constraints in Chinese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners’ retreat from the overgeneralization errors of English dative alternations. Two groups of Chinese EFL learners rated the acceptability of 66 dative verbs in their well and ill forms. The results demonstrated that Chinese EFL learners were simultaneously sensitive to the multiple cues from entrenchment, preemption, semantic, and morphophonological constraints, indicating that Chinese EFL learners restricted the generalization of the dative alternation by utilizing both the statistical verb-bias information and semantic properties of the dative verbs. Moreover, the sensitivity of Chinese EFL learners to these constraints increases with the improvement of their English proficiency. These results validated the usage-based approaches to second language acquisition and provided an answer to the “Baker’s Paradox.”

  • 12 - First Language Acquisition

  • from Part 6 - Language Acquisition
  • Edited by Joyce Bruhn de Garavito, University of Western Ontario, John W. Schwieter
  • Book:
    Introducing Linguistics
    Published online:
    22 April 2021
    Print publication:
    21 January 2021, pp 417-459

  • Summary

    Chapter 12 focuses on the development of language among infants and children. It follows the infant’s productions from first cries to the development of the complete phonology of native language(s). The chapter examines the acquisition of words and their meaning and shows how, across languages, certain content words are acquired before others. Children’s morphological development is amply illustrated. Overgeneralizations are shown to be part of the acquisition of a rule-based morphology, as shown in the classic “wug test.” Syntactic development is considered in depth, from the one word and two-word stages to the production of adult-like negatives and interrogatives. Differences between languages, particularly in the area of functional categories such as inflection, are shown to affect variations in the rate of acquisition. The reader is guided through the development of conversational and pragmatic skills. The chapter explores the role of different factors in acquisition, both internal, such as innate principles and general cognition, and external, such as input and experience. The chapter ends with a presentation of atypical language development and bilingualism.

  • Negative emotions towards others are diminished in remitted major depression

  • R. Zahn, K.E. Lythe, J.A. Gethin, S. Green, J.F.W. Deakin, C. Workman, J. Moll
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue 4 / June 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 April 2020, pp. 448-453
  • Background:

    One influential view is that vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a proneness to experience negative emotions in general. In contrast, blame attribution theories emphasise the importance of blaming oneself rather than others for negative events. Our previous exploratory study provided support for the attributional hypothesis that patients with remitted MDD show no overall bias towards negative emotions, but a selective bias towards emotions entailing self-blame relative to emotions that entail blaming others. More specifically, we found a decreased proneness for contempt/disgust towards others relative to oneself (i.e. self-contempt bias). Here, we report a definitive test of the competing general negative versus specific attributional bias theories of MDD.

    Methods:

    We compared a medication-free remitted MDD (n = 101) and a control group (n = 70) with no family or personal history of MDD on a previously validated experimental test of moral emotions. The task measures proneness to specific emotions associated with different types of self-blame (guilt, shame, self-contempt/disgust, self-indignation/anger) and blame of others (other-indignation/anger, other-contempt/disgust) whilst controlling for the intensity of unpleasantness.

    Results:

    We confirmed the hypothesis that patients with MDD exhibit an increased self-contempt bias with a reduction in contempt/disgust towards others. Furthermore, they also showed a decreased proneness for indignation/anger towards others.

    Conclusions:

    This corroborates the prediction that vulnerability to MDD is associated with an imbalance of specific self- and other-blaming emotions rather than a general increase in negative emotions. This has important implications for neurocognitive models and calls for novel focussed interventions to rebalance blame in MDD.

  • Self-Critical Thinking and Overgeneralization in Depression and Eating Disorders: An Experimental Study

  • Graham R. Thew, James D. Gregory, Kate Roberts, Katharine A. Rimes
  • Journal:
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 45 / Issue 5 / September 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 May 2017, pp. 510-523
    Print publication:
    September 2017

  • Background: Self-critical thinking is common across psychological disorders. This study hypothesized that it may play an important role in ‘overgeneralization’, the process of drawing general implications from an isolated negative experience. Aims: To explore the impact of two experimental tasks designed to elicit self-critical thoughts on the endorsement of general negative self-views of clinical and non-clinical populations. Method: Three groups (depression, eating disorders and non-clinical controls), completed standardized questionnaires and the two tasks. Participants rated their self-critical thinking and general negative self-beliefs before and after each task. Results: Following a failure experience, both clinical groups showed a greater increase in general negative self-views compared with controls, indicating greater overgeneralization. Both habitual and increases in state self-critical thinking were associated with overgeneralization while negative perfectionism was not. Overgeneralization was more strongly associated with post-task reduced mood than self-criticism. Conclusions: Self-critical thinking may be an important factor in the process of overgeneralization, and the increase in general negative self-views may be particularly crucial for lowering of mood.