Spatial econometric models allow for interactions among cross-sectional units through spatial weight matrices. This paper parameterizes each spatial weight matrix in the widely used spatial Durbin model with a different instead of one common distance decay parameter, using negative exponential and inverse distance matrices. We propose a joint estimation approach of the decay and response parameters, and we investigate its performance in a Monte Carlo simulation experiment. We also present the results of an empirical application on military expenditures. Indirect effects in particular appear to be sensitive to different parameterizations.

The surface energy budget over the Antarctic sea ice from 8 April 2016 through 26 November 2016 are presented. From April to October, Sensible heat flux (SH) and subsurface conductive heat flux (G) were the heat source of surface while latent heat flux (LE) and net radiation flux (Rn) were the heat sink of surface. Our results showed larger downward SH (due to the warmer air in our site) and upward LE (due to the drier air and higher wind speed in our site) compared with SHEBA data. However, the values of SH in N-ICE2015 campaign, which located at a zone with stronger winds and more advection of heat in the Arctic, were comparable to our results under clear skies. The values of aerodynamic roughness length (z0m) and scalar roughness length for temperature (z0h), being 1.9 × 10−3 m and 3.7 × 10−5 m, were suggested in this study. It is found that snow melting might increase z0m. Our results also indicate that the value of log(z0h/z0m) was related to the stability of stratification. In addition, several representative parameterization schemes for z0h have been tested and a couple of schemes were found to make a better performance.

Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’optimisation de forme des structures dont le comportement est hyperélastique incompressible et anisotrope. La fonction énergie est décomposée en une composante isotrope et une composante anisotrope. L’approche décrite dans cet article est le calcul exact de la sensibilité pour les éléments solides en utilisant un matériau à comportement hyperélastique. La résolution du problème mécanique est faite par la méthode des éléments-finis en utilisant un algorithme d’optimisation appelé SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming). Le critère d’optimisation (fonction objectif à minimiser) est défini à partir du critère de Von Mises avec une limitation de conservation du volume. Les variables d’optimisation sont les coordonnées des points de contrôle avec une paramétrisation par les courbes de B-splines. La faisabilité de la méthode développée est validée par un exemple numérique avec une comparaison du calcul de la sensibilité par la méthode des différences finies.

This paper presents the structural shape optimization with linear elastic material, large displacement and small strains. The whole shape optimization process is carried out by coupling a closed geometric shape in R2 with boundaries defined by B-splines curves, automatic mesh generation at each iteration, exact sensitivity analysis and mathematical programming method (SQP: Sequential Quadratic Programming). The design variables are the control point's coordinates which minimize the Von-Mises criteria, with a constraint that the total material volume of the structure remains constant. In this work the sensitivity analysis is performed using two methods: numerically by an efficient finite difference scheme and by the new method called exact Jacobian method. The feasibility of the proposed method is carried out for two numerical examples.

This paper describes emotion-based walking for a biped humanoid robot. In this paper, three emotions, such as happiness, sadness and anger are considered. These emotions are expressed by the walking styles of the biped humanoid robot that are preset by the parameterization of its whole body motion. To keep its balance during the emotional expressions, the motion of the trunk is employed which is calculated by the compensatory motion control based on the motions of the head, arms and legs. We have constructed a biped humanoid robot, WABIAB-RII (WAseda BIpedal humANoid robot-Revised II), to explore the issue of the emotional walking motion for a smooth and natural communication. WABIAN-RII has forty-three mechanical degrees of freedom and four passive degrees of freedom. Its height is about 1.84 m and its total weight is 127 kg. Using WABIAN-RII, three emotion expressions are experimented by the biped walking, including the body motion, and evaluated.