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2 results

  • 5 - Domestic Economics I

  • from Part II - Values of Forms of Labor
  • David Griffith, East Carolina University
  • Book:
    The Cultural Value of Work
    Published online:
    14 July 2022
    Print publication:
    28 July 2022, pp 103-122

  • Summary

    Focusing on one of the six communities introduced in the previous chapter – the one in Guatemala, Mantiox de Dios, where peasant agriculture is the basis of the local economy – this chapter delves into the relationships between domestic economic labor and foreign contract labor. It profiles two families represented by a couple that produce a wide variety of crops and livestock for home consumption and for sale, indicating how closely related reproductive and domestic productive labor are tied to one another through household consumption practices. The centerpiece of the chapter is a map drawn by a young woman in the community that shows the tight connections among domestic production, the spatial arrangement of the community, and local religious values.

  • 12 - The Peasantry

  • from Part II - The Expansion, Consolidation and Crisis of Muscovy (1462–1613)
  • Edited by Maureen Perrie, University of Birmingham
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    14 September 2006, pp 286-297

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the situation of the Russian peasant with that of the American farmer. Russian peasants lived in villages and not on isolated homesteads. The vast majority of the population in the years 1462-1613 were peasants who were becoming serfs, perhaps 85 percent. Of the rest, perhaps 5 to 15 percent were slaves. The period 1462-1613 witnessed intervention by the 'Agapetus state' in the lives of its subjects unparalleled in previous history. At the end of his reign Peter the Great abolished slavery by converting slaves into serfs. Peter's heirs by the end of the eighteenth century converted the serfs into near-slaves, the property of their lords (owners). The 'Agapetus state' was so powerful because it claimed and exercised control over two of the three basic factors of the economy, all the land and labour. This had little impact on peasant methods of farming or material culture, but it laid down the course for Russian history until 1991.