The Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) program was developed with the belief that since family members can make important contributions in other areas of treatment, they can play a powerful role in helping to engage a resistant loved one into therapy. Some of CRAFT's basic components include discussing personal safety issues, outlining the context in which substance-abusing behaviors occur, teaching concerned significant others (CSOs) how to utilize positive reinforcers for both the substance user and themselves, and emphasizing lifestyle changes for the CSOs. Two CRAFT projects, one sponsored by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and a second by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), have shown that engaging and retaining an individual in treatment with substance-abuse problems is not only possible, but probable. A treatment development study is being conducted to explore the effectiveness of CRAFT with substance-abusing adolescents and their families.