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Twenty-first-century Japan is known for the world's most aged population. Faced with this challenge, Japan has been a pioneer in using science to find ways of managing a declining birth rate. Science for Governing Japan's Population considers the question of why these population phenomena have been seen as problematic. What roles have population experts played in turning this demographic trend into a government concern? Aya Homei examines the medico-scientific fields around the notion of population that developed in Japan from the 1860s to the 1960s, analyzing the role of the population experts in the government's effort to manage its population. She argues that the formation of population sciences in modern Japan had a symbiotic relationship with the development of the neologism, 'population' (jinkō), and with the transformation of Japan into a modern sovereign power. Through this history, Homei unpacks assumptions about links between population, sovereignty, and science. This title is also available as Open Access.
Stouffer was one of the first of Ogburn’s graduate students, Duncan one of the last. Duncan took over most of Ogburn’s views on the requirements for sociological science but his main achievement was to go beyond Ogburn in progressively working out over the course of his career just what kind of science sociology should aim to be: that is, a population science. This idea first emerged in his collaboration with Philip Hauser in editing a large collection of papers, The Study of Population, and was then developed in his research on social stratification and mobility and, in particular, in relation to his methodological contributions, notably path analysis. Duncan saw the role of regression techniques in sociology as a population science not as a means of determining causation but of describing systematic population variability in regard to an outcome of interest. And subsequently, as his interests turned to the use of loglinear models in the analysis of contingency tables, including mobility tables, he again emphasised their descriptive importance in serving to bring out regularities emergent from individual action that were the properties of populations.
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