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6 results

  • Psychopathological consequences related to COVID-19 infection: The most relevant reactions of the general population

  • G. Serafini, A. Aguglia, A. Amerio, L. Sher, M. Amore
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 August 2021, p. S259
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  • Introduction

    As a result of the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a situation of socio-economic crisis and profound psychological distress rapidly occurred worldwide.

    Objectives

    This work aimed to comprehensively review the current literature about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the mental health in the general population.

    Methods

    A detailed review has been conducted in order to identify the main psychopatological consequences related to Covid-19 infection in the general population.

    Results

    Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, uncertainty during COVID-19 outbreak emerged progressively. The psychological impact of quarantine related to COVID-19 infection has been additionally documented together with the most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to COVID-19 outbreak.

    Conclusions

    The role of risk and protective factors against the potential to develop psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals with Covid-19 infection need to be carefully addressed in the clinical practice.

  • Antioxidants in smokers

  • Emanuela Astori, Maria L. Garavaglia, Graziano Colombo, Lucia Landoni, Nicola M. Portinaro, Aldo Milzani, Isabella Dalle-Donne
  • Journal:
    Nutrition Research Reviews / Volume 35 / Issue 1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 April 2021, pp. 70-97

  • Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.

  • Chapter 13 - Supporting Refugee Family Reunification in Exile

  • from Part II - Trauma Care for Refugee Families
  • Edited by Lucia De Haene, Cécile Rousseau, McGill University, Montréal
  • Book:
    Working with Refugee Families
    Published online:
    21 August 2020
    Print publication:
    06 August 2020, pp 212-231

  • Summary

    Family reunion in exile may be a complex and challenging experience. Refugee families are often reunited in the host countries after having lived through long periods of separation, insecurity and violence. Assisting families in the process of reunification is discussed as an issue of priority, both from a psychological and a human rights point of view. Based on clinical experiences, the authors suggest that accompanying families in this process of transition is meaningful and useful. The chapter argues that work with refugees should be seen through a family lens, and that mental health professionals have the knowledge and background regarding families and systems that enable them to offer good assistance to families in reunification processes. A model for assisting families and dealing with the many challenges involved in the process of reunification is explored and discussed. The need for a more systematized approach is underlined, and research on the effect of conversations to families reunited in exile is called for.

  • Cultural Strategies Reduce Weed Densities in Summer Annual Crops

  • Randy L. Anderson
  • Journal:
    Weed Technology / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / June 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 314-319

  • Producers in the central Great Plains are seeking alternative strategies to manage weeds because of herbicide resistance, narrow profit margins, and a lack of registered herbicides in some crops. Thus, we evaluated the impact of cultural systems in winter wheat and tillage on weed dynamics in corn, sunflower, and proso millet planted the year following wheat harvest. Weed seedling densities were 25 to 30% lower in a no-till system compared with minimum-till with a sweep plow. With no-till, cultural systems that produced more crop residue reduced weed densities an additional 15 to 30%, compared with the conventional system. Cultural system effect was eliminated in dry years and by tillage. Weed biomass was 10-fold less in proso millet than in corn. Crop residue management, critical for successful cropping in semiarid regions, also will help weed management by reducing weed density in summer annual crops, especially in no-till systems.

  • Prevention of overweight and obesity: a Spanish approach

  • Javier Aranceta, Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo, Lluis Serra-Majem, Diego Bellido, Martín López de la Torre, Xavier Formiguera, Basilio Moreno
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 10 / Issue 10A / October 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 October 2007, pp. 1187-1193
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  • Background

    Obesity is considered a major public health issue in most developed countries nowadays. This paper provides an overview of current population data available in Spain and the approach to develop preventive strategies in the country.

    Methods

    Review of population data available is based on individually measured weight and height as well as determinants. On this basis, the approach used in the country to develop preventive strategies is discussed.

    Results

    According to the DORICA study, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg m−2) is 15.5% in Spanish adults aged 25–60 years (13.2% in men and 17.5% in women). Obesity rates are higher among women aged 45 years and older, low social class, living in semi-urban places. Population estimates for the prevalence of obesity in Spanish children and young people based on the enKid study are 13.9% for the whole group. In this study, overweight and obesity is related to absence of breastfeeding, low consumption of fruit and vegetables, high consumption of cakes, buns, softdrinks and butchery products, low physical activity levels and a positive association with time spent watching TV.

    In 2005, the Spanish Ministry of Health jointly with the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition launched the multifaceted NAOS strategy for nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of obesity. The important role of the family and the school setting as well as the responsibility of the Health Administration and Pediatric Care in the prevention of obesity is highlighted in the document. The need for environmental actions is recognised. The PERSEO programme, a multicomponent school-based intervention project is part of the strategy currently in place.

    Conclusion

    Obesity is a public health issue in Spain. A national multifaceted strategy was launched to counteract the problem. Environmental and policy actions are a priority. Young children and their families are among the main target groups.

  • Field Evacuation Patterns of Humanitarian Relief Workers

  • P. Gregg Greenough
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 16 / Issue S1 / June 2001
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. S32-S33
    Print publication:
    June 2001
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