This chapter provides an overview of survival analysis as it relates to the major disorders within neurology. Death is the predominant outcome measure in the discussion. Two commonly used methods are described in the chapter, to handle censoring and variable starting times include life table analysis and the Kaplan-Meier approach. There have been a number of studies to elucidate the survival characteristics of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Other neurological diseases discussed in the chapter include stroke, HIV-related neurologic disease, dementia, primary CNS neoplasms, and status epilepticus. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or stroke is the third leading cause of death and a significant cause of long-term disability in most industrialized nations. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-dementia is largely a subcortical disorder involving deficits in cognition, behavior, and the motor system. Within the past two decades, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been confirmed to be responsible for the majority of primary degenerative dementias.