We assessed the feasibility of implementing psychological counseling services (PCS) for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) integrated within special education settings in urban Bangladesh.

In two special education schools for ASD in Dhaka City, trained female psychologists screened mothers using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). PCS was administered to all the mothers irrespective of a diagnosis of depression. Mothers with a PHQ-9 score >4 who met criteria for a major depressive episode (MDE) based on the DSM-IV Structured Interview Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) were also administered skill-building training through monthly home visits to support ASD care. The level of depression was assessed by the Depression Measurement Scale (DMS), and quality of life (QoL) was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of EQ5D5L scale before and after PCS.

Among 188 mothers enrolled in the study, 81 (43%) received PCS, and 27.1% (22) had MDE. In the first month, 73 sessions were scheduled and 60 completed (85%). In the last month, 53 sessions were scheduled and 52 completed (98%). The mean DMS score decreased from 79.5 ± 23 to 60 ± 20 (p = 0.004), and DMS scores were significantly higher among mothers with MDE (97.8 ± 12.1 v. 69.9 ± 22.1; p < 0.001) compared to those without MDE (72.7 ± 22.6 v. 56.1 ± 18.1; p = 0.003). The mean VAS score improved from 70.3 ± 14.1 to 80.2 ± 13.3 (p = 0.001) between the first and the last session. Changes in DMS were negatively correlated with changes in VAS scores (β: −0.213, 95% CI 0.370 to −0.056).

Within special education schools for ASD in urban Bangladesh, it was feasible to administer an integrated program of PCS for mothers of children with ASD by trained psychologists who were able to screen and intervene to reduce their level of depression and improve their quality of life.

This review study examines the cases of improving the therapeutic skills of therapists and areas of counseling and the important cases that midwives have to provide services and manage conditions if Diagnosis of an abnormal fetus requires attention.

We aim to find the best ways of counseling for helping parents with diagnosed abnormal fetuses

A search conducted by using the keywords congenital anomalies, psychological counseling, prenatal counseling in PubMed, science direct, clinical key and Google scholar search engine. after screening, the complete data of 20 articles were included in this review article.

The results showed that pregnancy counseling with abnormal fetuses includes medical and psychological counseling. In medical counseling, knowledge of the types of tests and their interpretation is important, and prenatal screening training programs for health care providers should be revised based on their educational needs. In psychological counseling, to meet the needs of a changing population of clients Midwives in the context of the wider healthcare system need accurate knowledge of religious beliefs and cultural contexts of their clients in order to take the best approach to relevant care. The occurrence of a diagnosis of congenital anomaly during transmission to parents adds to the accumulation of stress-related events that may increase the risk of developing psychological symptoms in the early stages after diagnosis.

Considering the different cultures of different countries of the world, midwifery counseling skills play an important part in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Therefore, creating extraordinary educational programs on university education is needed for midwives.

No significant relationships.