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2 results

  • 22 - Educational Spending

  • from Part VIII - Financing Education
  • Martin Carnoy, Stanford University, California
  • Book:
    The Political Economy of Education
    Published online:
    08 February 2024
    Print publication:
    15 February 2024, pp 348-362

  • Summary

    Chapter 22 addresses two important questions in the public financing of education. The first is how much money in the form of taxes should a society collect and spend on education (public effort) and what are the political and economic factors that affect the government’s ability to increase public spending on education. The discussion includes a review of the rationale for public spending on education because of “externalities” in the form of social benefits resulting from educational investments and the public good aspects of education. The second question is who is to pay for the education—this is primarily an issue of the kinds of taxes to be levied to raise revenue for providing educational services and the degree to which and the possible reasons why some countries choose to have more privately financed education. A closely related issue covered in the chapter is why in other countries, the public sector chooses to substantially subsidize private education, which, on its face, appears to be policy that shifts resources to middle and possibly higher income earners.

  • 37 - Winter Storms

  • from SECTION B - ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS
  • Edited by Kristi L. Koenig, University of California, Irvine, Carl H. Schultz, University of California, Irvine
  • Book:
    Koenig and Schultz's Disaster Medicine
    Published online:
    05 August 2011
    Print publication:
    30 September 2009, pp 586-608

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the problems winter storms pose, and how they fit into the continuum from minor annoyance to major disaster. It explores what can be done to prepare for future events that threaten the welfare of those in their paths. Understanding the human impact of catastrophic events, so that society can be better prepared for future challenges, is the primary mission in the fields of emergency management and disaster medicine. Establishing an incident command structure, regardless of size, should bring together the resources officials need to determine the security and safety of affected areas, identify hazards to responders, and coordinate the support necessary to begin rescue and recovery efforts. Rapid assessments for identifying immediate challenges created by a winter storm and determining potential resources required to mount an effective response are necessary to avoid a dysfunctional approach.