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6 - Agro- and Hydro-management
from Part III - The Shrine
Shivan Mahendrarajah, University of St Andrews, Scotland
Book:

The Sufi Saint of Jam

Published online:

07 May 2021

Print publication:

08 April 2021, pp 124-142
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Summary

The greatest source of wealth for Ahmad-i Jam’s progeny and shrine was their control of hydrological systems (aqueducts, canals, dams, water mills, sluices, etc.) and agricultural production in the provinces of Bakharz, Fushanj, Harat-Rud, Jam, Khwaf, and Kusuyi. In the wake of the Mongol irruptions, peasants not murdered or deported, or fleeced by rapacious Mongol viceroys, fled to safer locales. The Ilkhanids and Kartids recognized the urgency of rebuilding ruined hydrological systems and revitalizing fallow lands (ihyaʾ al-mawat); and enticing wary peasants to return and to farm. Responsibility for managing irrigation and improving food production was shifted to Islamic institutions (e.g., shrines and mosques), which consequently became wealthy and influential. Timurids built on Kartid and Ilkhanid socioeconomic policies. Jamis received fiscal and legal immunities (muʿafi) and land grants (soyurghal) from the Timurids.

The Egyptian olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) in the later first millennium BC: origins and history using the morphometric analysis of olive stones
Claire Newton, Jean-Frédéric Terral, Sarah Ivorra
Journal:

Antiquity / Volume 80 / Issue 308 / 1 June 2006

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

02 January 2015, pp. 405-414

Print publication:

1 June 2006
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The authors examine a sample of olive stones from Egyptian contexts and show that from the first millennium BC, if not before, some of them relate to cultivars originating from the Levant. But equally prominent and just as early is another variety, of unknown origin and currently peculiar to Egypt. The method used is geometrical morphometric analysis – essentially classifying the olive stones by their shape.

Old World irrigation technology in a New World context: qanats in Spanish colonial western Mexico
Christopher S. Beekman, Phil C. Weigand, John J. Pint
Journal:

Antiquity / Volume 73 / Issue 280 / June 1999

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

02 January 2015, pp. 440-446

Print publication:

June 1999
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Spanish colonists imported ancient Arabic irrigation methods into Mexico. Even though historians have made little of the qanat systems, archaeological research in Jalisco has revealed their significance in the colonial economy of Mexico.