Asking questions is a powerful learning tool that children take full advantage of, as they are well-known to be prolific and determined question-askers. But do children ask good questions? In this chapter, we review and discuss qualitative and quantitative studies to trace the developmental trajectory of children’s question–asking strategies, focusing on their effectiveness and adaptiveness. Previous research has so far established three milestones: children’s question–asking abilities evolve from being able to identify effective questions, but not being able to spontaneously generate them at the age of five, to beginning to generate effective questions from scratch at age seven, to implementing efficient and adaptive question–asking strategies by the age of ten, echoing adult–level patterns of performance. We discuss how the cognitive and environmental factors driving these developmental changes still remain unclear, and how taking a multidisciplinary approach might be necessary to fill these gaps. We argue that the results from research on question-asking have the potential to inform educational policies, and to help design targeted training interventions and educational curricula that exploit the early emergence of these skills and support their further development, providing children with a toolbox of strategies and concepts they can use to effectively navigate the world.

In this volume, we have brought together leading researchers in psychology and education with the goal of generating an overview of key issues pertaining to the role of questioning in development, to assess where the field stands in terms of investigating these issues, and to chart a path forward for this research in the coming years. In our introduction, we outlined three broad questions of interest to researchers and educators: (1) Where do questions come from, and how do children engage in questioning across development? (2) To what extent is questioning universal, and in what ways is it socialized? (3) What role does question-asking play in learning more broadly, in both formal and informal environments? In this concluding chapter we revisit these three key questions, weaving together the contributors’ insights before laying out a roadmap to highlight promising avenues of focus for future researchers in the field.