This chapter addresses challenges to the KWV system as the overall surplus spiralled in the 1980s and cooperatives began offloading cheap wine onto the market in minimalist packaging. Independent producers and the SFW became increasingly critical of the KWV’s performance of its regulatory functions. The chapter provides an account of Tim Hamilton-Russell’s dogged campaign for the right to produce wine in the Hemel-en-Aarde and to market it as he saw fit. It also addresses the vine-smuggling scandal that broke in 1986, which culminated in the loosening of quarantine controls. The chapter then details how the end of white rule led to government scrutiny of the KWV. After a bitter struggle over the demands of the KWV to hold onto its assets as it converted to a private company, a political deal was struck that enabled part of them be reycled in support of a black empowerment agenda in the industry. The residual control functions were taken over by a set of new bodies. The chapter closes with a brief account of the arrival of international drinks companies and the full merger between Distillers and SFW to create Distell, in an effort to ward off potentially hostile competition.

The chapter begins with an analysis of the KWV, which mimicked the operations of the state bureaucracy but was formally distinct from it. An anatomy of the KWV regulatory system is provided In order to achieve a better sense of how the interlocking parts worked together. There is a detailed discussion of the documentation that producers were required to supply each year to comply with the quota system. This is followed by an account of minimum pricing and surplus disposal which involved the surrender of distilling wine to the KWV which it used to make brandy. There is also a discussion of the Wine of Origin (WO) system which introduced a system of appellations, and the efforts of the wine merchants to tempt aspiring independent producerrs with the offer of access to marketing channels. This leads to a discussion of the contention over the designation of ’estate wines’ and the rather more successful effort to launch the Stellenbosch Wine Route. Finally, an account is offered of KWV efforts to control access to planting material.

To fully understand the role of law in China’s capital market, one must first consider how modern firms and the capital market came to form and how their early emergence fit within the Party-state’s overall economic development plans.

The chapter presents the emergence of the capital market in China. It focuses on two key elements: (1) the rise of the large (public) firm and (2) the creation of the capital market as a platform for the offering and exchange of securities. Through these elements, the chapter looks at how the legal framework that governed firms in the early stages of market development was shaped by, and helped secure, the political–economy dynamics at that time.

The Conclusion provides a brief synthesis of the above arguments, and offers a sketch of the post-Anfal period that highlights Assyrian political and intellectual activism in the enclaves of the safe haven established in 1991. The Conclusion briefly describes the ongoing crisis that the Iraqi Assyrian community has continued to face since 2003.