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4 results

  • 4 - Dismantling the Diversity Deficit

  • from Part II - Debates and Challenges to the Judicial Role
  • Edited by Gabrielle Appleby, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Andrew Lynch, University of New South Wales, Sydney
  • Book:
    The Judge, the Judiciary and the Court
    Published online:
    04 May 2021
    Print publication:
    29 April 2021, pp 83-115

  • Summary

    For much of its history, Australia’s judiciary has been highly homogenous — comprising white, middle-aged males from privileged socio-economic backgrounds. In recent years, there have been calls to redress this ‘diversity deficit’, namely, the gap between the composition of the judiciary and the composition of the population at large. This chapter examines the challenges faced by this social project by asking (1) why judicial diversity matters; (2) what characteristics are important for a diverse judiciary; (3) how we measure the diversity deficit; and (4) what action is needed to redress the diversity deficit. The chapter argues that we should broaden our categories of interest, guided by the underlying justifications for diversity and understandings of the social fabric derived from the national census. The changing nature of Australian society requires us to look beyond gender and race in fashioning an inclusive judiciary that is fit for purpose in the 21st century.

  • DIVERSITY AND DIVERSIFICATION RESEARCH

  • Herbert J. Gans
  • Journal:
    Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race / Volume 15 / Issue 2 / Fall 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 January 2019, pp. 245-255

  • This paper argues that diversity is more than just a mixing of people perceived as different, and consists of activities and relationships much like other social phenomena. Consequently, there is much to be studied, beginning with the diversification process by which diversity is implemented. Since diversification is often initiated as a deliberate policy, researchers can be helpful to policy makers, especially with empirical research that addresses their policy related questions.

  • Social Capital, Racial Context, and Incarcerations in the American States

  • Daniel P. Hawes
  • Journal:
    State Politics & Policy Quarterly / Volume 17 / Issue 4 / December 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 January 2021, pp. 393-417
    Print publication:
    December 2017

  • This article examines the differential effects of social capital on policy equity in state outcomes. Specifically, it explores the relationship between social capital and incarceration rates in the American states paying particular attention to racial disparities in incarceration rates. Building on work by Hero, I present a theoretical explanation and empirical support for how social capital operates differently under different racial contexts. I argue that social capital enhances social empathy in homogeneous contexts and social controls in diverse contexts. Using state-level longitudinal data on the contiguous states, I find that social capital is positively associated with incarcerations, but only for African Americans. Furthermore, the effects of social capital appear to be conditional on racial context where this relationship is stronger as minority group size increases.

  • Integrating Language, Culture, and Community into Planning for and Providing Effective Emergency Health Care during Disasters: Challenges and Opportunities from the California Experience

  • Dennis P. Andrulis, Nadia J. Siddiqui, Jonathan Purtle
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / February 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 February 2017, pp. s133-s134
    Print publication:
    February 2009
    • Article
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  • Introduction:

    The experiences of racially/ethnically diverse residents and communities in the US in the wake of the wildfires in California, Hurricane Katrina, and other disasters have shown the serious if not fatal lack of their effective engagement in response to these events, confusion around access to and provision of emergency care, and failure to adhere to recommended services guidance and requirements. As one of the most diverse states in the country, California's experience with earthquakes and wildfires has heightened related concerns around the capacity of healthcare providers to effectively meet the needs of diverse communities. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify barriers and challenges to meeting emergency health needs of these communities during disasters; (2) identify programs and policy gaps in the current environment; and (3) develop recommendations as well as guidance for improvement.

    Methods:

    Three methods were used in conducting the study. The project team reviewed and synthesized literature from California and other sources; reviewed 148 Websites; and conducted key informant interviews with 17 officials and community representatives identified through state sources/environmental review during summer/fall 2008.

    Results:

    Research identified four major barriers, challenges, and gaps affecting the provision of effective health care during emergencies: (1) significant lack of community engagement and trust among diverse residents, especially among immigrants who feared deportation actions; (2) cultural misunderstanding that led to misinformation and a related lack of training and education resources for emergency personnel; (3) lack of interpreter/translation services; and (4) insufficient coordination at local, regional, and state levels.

    Conclusions:

    Improvement will require four major actions: (1) effective collaboration between these communities; (2) emergency care providers and other key sectors; (3) resources to increase availability and access to interpreters; and (4) coordination of information and resources to minimize gaps and duplication, and greater flexibility in allocation of funds to meet local emergency medicine priorities.