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  • 6 - The Impact of Implicit Racial Bias in Racial Health Disparities: A Practical Problem with Theoretical Implications

  • from Section II - Do Measures of Implicit Bias Predict Cognition and Behavior?
  • Edited by Jon A. Krosnick, Stanford University, California, Tobias H. Stark, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, Amanda L. Scott, The Strategy Team, Columbus, Ohio
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Implicit Bias and Racism
    Published online:
    21 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025, pp 173-221

  • Summary

    On average, Black Americans’ health is poorer than that of White Americans. We examine three pathways by which implicit racial bias may contribute to racial health disparities. First, implicit and explicit racial bias cause racial discrimination, producing chronic stress and limited access to resources among Black targets of discrimination. This directly and negatively affects their health. This pathway has substantial empirical support. Second, physician implicit racial bias negatively affects treatment recommendations to Black patients, causing racial health disparities. Although intuitively appealing, currently there is little empirical support for this pathway. Third, physician implicit racial bias negatively influences the quality of healthcare interactions with Black patients, causing racial health disparities. This pathway has substantial empirical support. We conclude by highlighting differences in the ways social cognition and applied health disparity researchers study implicit racial bias, and make an argument for the benefits of dialogue and mutual collaborations between these two groups.