A mass gathering is often a preplanned event, like a concert or sporting event, held at a specific location for a defined duration that strains planning and response resources. However, a mass gathering can also be spontaneous, such as the gathering of mourners associated with the death of a celebrity or a protest. Over the last few years, we have seen an increase in the number of protests, some events that are pre-planned and organized but others that are not and that can quickly become out-of-control and end in tragedy. The bottom line is that despite the many years of dealing with and researching mass gatherings, there remains a lack of in depth understanding of the mass gathering and, despite often being attended by reasonably healthy or well people, the gatherings seem to be more hazardous than expected

This chapter presents an introduction to the relationship between government policy and corporate sustainability. It opens with a review of the dichotomous and related perspectives on government and corporate sustainability, revealing why the question of a relationship is quite contentious. Having established the normative, conceptual and empirical significance of the relationship, it proceeds by indicating the types of corporate sustainability issues that government policies address, the types of policies that are deployed and the alternative corporate responses to such policies. These relationships are illustrated with reference to four well-known corporate sustainability issues: corporate philanthropy, ethical trade, corporate sustainability reporting and corporate taxation. Finally, the chapter focuses on two cases of complementarity between government policies and private initiatives for corporate sustainability, responses to: dangerous work conditions in the Bangladesh ready-made garment industry; and corrupt uses of payments to government by corporations in the extractives industry.

This chapter describes quality assurance and regulatory issues and how different government agencies approach the problem of determining whether new nanomedical systems are safe and effective. Nanomedical systems are both a device and a drug. Testing in humans after animals occurs in precise regulatory stages of clinincal trials. Regulatory agencies also assess potential damage to the environment and monitor worker safety issues.