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restrictive lung disease

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5.1.8 - Lung Function Testing
from Section 5.1 - Practical Respiratory System
- By Lola Loewenthal
Edited by Ned Gilbert-Kawai, The Royal Liverpool Hospital, Debashish Dutta, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, Carl Waldmann, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
Book:

Intensive Care Medicine

Published online:

27 July 2023

Print publication:

01 December 2021, pp 555-560
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Summary

Key Learning Points
1. Lung function testing is important in the diagnosis, severity assessment and monitoring of lung diseases.
2. Spirometry measures forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio. Its uses include: screening for airflow limitation, assessing disease progression and diagnostic purposes (in combination with further lung function testing).
3. Lung volume measurements provide additional information to help differentiate restrictive, obstructive and mixed lung diseases.
4. Transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) (diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO)) measures the ability of the lungs to transfer inhaled gas from the alveoli to red blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries. It can be used alongside the carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) for diagnostic purposes and to monitor disease progression.
5. Lung function testing is subject to a number of limitations and, as such, should be interpreted with flow–volume loops and clinical context.