A pot experiment was designed to evaluate the interactive effects
of
multiple microbial inoculation treatments and
rock phosphate (RP) application on N and P acquisition by alfalfa plants
using
15N and
32P isotopes. The microbial
inocula consisted of a wild type (WT) Rhizobium meliloti
strain, its genetically modified (GM) derivative, which
had an enhanced competitiveness, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)
fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.)
Gerd. and Trappe, and a phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacterium
(Enterobacter sp.). Inoculated micro-organisms
became established in the root tissues and/or in the rhizosphere
soil of alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.). The GM
Rhizobium strain did not interfere with AM formation. Inoculated
phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria established
in the alfalfa rhizosphere, but the level of establishment was
lower where the natural population of phosphate-solubilizing
bacteria was stimulated by AM inoculation and RP
application. The stimulation of these indigenous
bacteria was also greater in the rhizosphere of alfalfa nodulated
by the GM Rhizobium. Improvements in N and
P accumulation in alfalfa corroborate beneficial effects of the
improved GM Rhizobium on AM performance, in
RP-amended plants. Inoculation with Enterobacter did not improve
the
AM effect on N or P accumulation in the
RP-added soil, but it did in the non RP-amended controls. Measurements
of the
15N[ratio ]14N ratio in plant shoots
indicated enhanced N2 fixation rates in Rhizobium-inoculated
AM-plants, over that achieved by the same
Rhizobium strain in non-mycorrhizal plants. Regardless of the Rhizobium
strain and of whether or not RP was
added, AM-inoculated plants showed a lower specific activity
(32P[ratio ]31P) than did their comparable non-mycorrhizal
controls, suggesting that the plant was using otherwise unavailable P
sources. The phosphate-solubilizing, AM-associated, microbiota
could in fact release phosphate ions, either
from the added RP or from the indigenous ‘less-available’
phosphate. Deficiency in Ca concentration in soil
solution in the neutral test soil might benefit P
solubilization. The proportion of plant P derived either from the
labelled soil P (labile P pool) or from RP was
similar for AM inoculated and non-mycorrhizal controls (without
Enterobacter inoculation) for each Rhizobium
strain, but the total P uptake, regardless of the P source, was
far higher in AM-plants. Enterobacter inoculation
seems to improve the use of RP in the rhizosphere of non-mycorrhizal
plants inoculated with the WT Rhizobium.