Applying primary health care (PHC) team-based approaches to diagnosing and treating dementia is considered best practice. Unfortunately, those living in rural and remote areas often have limited access to dementia-specific PHC services. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and understand PHC team-based approaches for dementia care in rural settings. A search strategy was employed which included only peer-reviewed journal articles that were published from 1997 to 2017. Four databases (Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL) were searched from March 2017 to May 2017. Among the 10 studies included there was a variation in the degree of collaboration and interaction among the care teams. Limited information existed about collaboration strategies among care teams. An adaptation of the socio-ecological model enabled us to categorize key factors influencing collaborative team-based approaches. Combined, these findings can be used to inform both future research and the development of a rural PHC dementia model.

Supporting children in their early development and learning has long-term benefits for both them and the broader community. Yet in Australia we still have significant examples of inequality of opportunity (Allan, 2010) and other structural barriers to family wellbeing, particularly in Indigenous and rural and remote communities (Bourke, Humphreys, Wakerman, & Taylor, 2012). One of the structural barriers is the frequently siloed approach to addressing issues around child wellbeing and learning, when a collaborative effort results in more effective and sustainable outcomes. Red Dirt (Indigenous, rural and remote) communities are fertile ground for the emergence of partnership models that provide solutions to perennial, complex community issues and siloed service provision that impact on learning outcomes. The aim of this article is to provide a background and commentary to contribute to the discussion about what works to promote child wellbeing in Australia and put forward the SpICE Model as part of the solution. Drawing on a body of literature and experiences in the field, this article will introduce a model for collaboration that should contribute to child wellbeing: the Specialist Integrated Community Engagement (SpICE) Model. First, we give an overview of the context of adversity as it specifically relates to educational outcomes for children. The principles underpinning the SpICE Model, on how to harness opportunity from adversity, are also described as they provide insight into how to achieve sustainable change in this context. In conclusion, some of the potential challenges of embedding SpICE into practice are discussed. The argument developed throughout this article is that the SpICE Model has currency for a wide range of education, health, disability and welfare collaborations and how they impact on child, family and community wellbeing.

The Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) has been recognized as a significant improvement in standardizing triage in Canadian emergency departments (EDs), both urban and rural. Since its publication an increasing number of Canadian EDs have implemented the CTAS. It was intended to improve patient care through more appropriate triaging of patients, but a number of adverse effects from its implementation have been encountered in rural EDs.